A Complete Guide to Angular Contact Ball Bearings: Mounting and Preloading Techniques

Introduction

Angular contact ball bearings are indispensable in precision machinery such as CNC machines, industrial robots, and high-speed spindles. Their ability to handle both radial and axial loads makes them ideal for demanding applications. However, proper mounting and preloading are crucial to maximizing their performance and lifespan. This guide explains the best practices for installing and maintaining these bearings effectively.

Part 1: Mounting Methods for Angular Contact Ball Bearings

A shaft typically requires two support points with bearings. Here are the most common mounting configurations:

1. Double Fixed Support

• Each bearing restricts axial movement in one direction.

• Best for: Short shafts (under 400mm) in low-temperature environments.

• Limitation: Thermal expansion can strain bearings if not properly managed.

2. Fixed-Free Support

• One bearing (fixed end) handles bidirectional axial forces.

• The other bearing (free end) allows axial movement to accommodate thermal expansion.

• Best for: Long shafts or high-temperature applications.

3. Floating Support

• Both bearings allow axial movement.

• Best for: Systems where shaft positioning is controlled externally (e.g., herringbone gear systems).

Pro Tip: Always use high-precision components like lock nuts, spacers, or sleeves to secure bearings axially and radially.

Part 2: Why Preloading Matters

Preloading eliminates internal clearance in angular contact ball bearings, ensuring optimal performance. Here’s why it’s crucial:

• Boosts Rigidity: Reduces deformation under load, ideal for high-precision tools like CNC machines.

• Reduces Vibration: Minimizes play, lowering noise and preventing premature wear.

• Enhances Accuracy: Critical for robotics and medical equipment, where even micron-level errors matter.

• Extends Bearing Life: Proper preloading distributes stress evenly across rolling elements.

Part 3: Preloading Methods Explained

Choose the right preloading technique based on your application:

1. Position Preloading

• Uses precision spacers or shims to maintain fixed preload.

• Best for: Stable, high-load systems like grinding machine spindles.

2. Spring Preloading

• Employs disc springs or wave springs to maintain constant pressure.

• Best for: High-temperature environments or systems with thermal expansion.

3. Radial Preloading

• Adjusts bearing position on a tapered shaft to create radial compression.

• Best for: Machine tool spindles and aerospace systems.

Maintenance Tip: Monitor preload force regularly. Over-preloading generates excess heat, while under-preloading causes instability.

Choosing the Right Bearing

• Single-Row Angular Contact Bearings: Require preloading and are ideal for moderate-speed applications.

• Double-Row Angular Contact Bearings: Built-in preload for high rigidity, perfect for precision equipment like CNC lathes.

Trusted Solutions from Beining Technology

At Beining Technology, we specialize in premium angular contact ball bearings engineered for durability and precision. Our experts can help you:

• Select the right bearings for your machinery.

• Optimize mounting and preloading processes.

• Troubleshoot common bearing issues.

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